This Realist Synthesis Review (RSR) assesses the effectiveness of multi-stakeholder forums (MSFs) aimed at promoting sustainable land use, particularly those involving both grassroots and government actors. By reviewing the literature, the study highlights key contextual factors impacting the success of MSFs and identifies common lessons: commitment to stakeholders, engaging key implementers, openness to learning, and adaptive design. Successful MSFs integrate research, consensus-building, and adaptability to local contexts, emphasizing the importance of designing for engagement rather than one-size-fits-all solutions.