dos Santos, Pedro Paulo, Yichao Li, and José Alves. "The new face of multilateralism: The case of “Chinese” forums." The Palgrave Handbook of Globalization with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of the Belt and Road Initiative. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. 253-270.

This chapter explores the phenomenon of "Chinese" forums, which emerged in the early 2000s as key components of the PRC's diplomacy. It analyzes forums such as FOCAC, CCF, BFA, Forum Macao, CASCF, and BRF through a multilateral lens, considering paradiplomacy, soft power, and people-to-people exchanges. The study, based on qualitative methodology and extensive literature analysis, identifies similarities and differences between these forums and demonstrates their significant role in China's foreign policy. It finds that these forums are adaptable to specific geographic contexts and purposes, with predominantly multilateral decision-making processes.