Fadel, Ghassan Abbas, and Muhammad Jawad Kadem. "Youth and Sports Forums’ Administration and Their Relationship with Baghdad’s Youth and Sport Directorates Forum Organizational Culture from Workers’ Point of View." Journal of Physical Education 33.3 (2021).

This study aimed to explore youth and sport forums from the perspectives of planning and leadership and their relationship with organizational culture. Using a descriptive method, researchers surveyed 140 workers in Baghdad's youth and sport forums. They developed scales to measure planning and leadership, as well as organizational culture, and found these scales suitable for the study population. The researchers recommend that these scales be utilized by forum staff and that management undergo regular training to stay updated on modern administrative practices and organizational cultures.