Gerlak, Andrea K., et al. "The gnat and the bull do climate outlook forums make a difference?." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101.6 (2020): E771-E784.

Despite the increased focus on climate services, including Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) established over the past 20 years, there is limited documentation on their benefits and impacts. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating RCOFs based on three key categories: the quality of climate information, the legitimacy of the processes used, and the usability of the information produced. It suggests that while quantitative measures are effective for assessing information quality, evaluating processes and usability requires both quantitative and qualitative methods tailored to regional contexts. The study advocates for participatory evaluation methods and suggests that RCOFs' goals may need to evolve to align with the changing landscape of climate services.