Since their emergence in 2001, social forums have played a significant role in the global justice movement, leveraging Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to transform organizing methods. The use of new ICTs like the Internet has dramatically altered the speed, scale, and nature of organizing, evident from the mid-1990s with anti-Free Trade Campaigns and Zapatista Solidarity Networks. Activists adopted tools such as e-mail lists, webpages, and collaborative software to coordinate within transnational networks like Peoples' Global Action and to organize major protests, such as the 1999 WTO protests in Seattle. These new ICTs have enabled action-at-a-distance and led to decentralized, networked structures characterized by a "cultural logic of networking."