Ardichvili, Alexander; Page, Vaughn; Wentling, Tim (March 2003). "Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge‐sharing communities of practice". Journal of Knowledge Management. 7 (1): 64–77. doi:10.1108/13673270310463626. S2CID 14849211.

Ardichvili et al. (2003) explored the motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice. They found that intrinsic motivation, such as the desire for personal growth and learning, was a significant predictor of participation, while extrinsic motivation, such as rewards and recognition, had a weak effect. Barriers to participation included lack of time, lack of perceived benefit, and difficulty in accessing the online community.