Basuki, Yudi, Roos Akbar, and Miming Miharja. "ICT and social relationship engagement: Women's online communities in Indonesia." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 184 (2015): 245-251.

This article examines the activity and formation process of women's online communities, questioning the necessity of physical meetings to fulfill community needs. In the context of the network society shaped by ICT development, social relationships within communities have shifted from hierarchical to flexible structures. Descriptive analysis of two sample communities, Women Blogger Community and Women Pregnant Community, reveals a flexible and non-hierarchical engagement pattern. The study suggests that both virtual and physical spaces are integral to the activities of women's online communities.