Janzik, Lars, and Christina Raasch. "Online communities in mature markets: why join, why innovate, why share?." International Journal of Innovation Management 15.04 (2011): 797-836.

This study explores user innovation activities within consumer online communities (OCs), particularly focusing on members' motivations to join, innovate, and publish innovations. Through an in-depth netnographic analysis of innovative, privately operated OCs dedicated to tangible consumer products, the research categorizes members' motives based on membership lifecycle and situational factors. The findings offer insights into how companies can understand member motivations in OCs related to their brands or products, and suggest strategies for developing specific incentives and tools to stimulate user activity and innovation.