Kirkwood, Michael, Sheau-Fen Yap, and Yingzi Xu. "An exploration of sport fandom in online communities." International Journal of Sport Communication 12.1 (2019): 55-78.

This paper explores the dynamics of interactions among sport fans in an online community, employing a netnography approach to identify four distinct fan roles: Oracles, Hollywoods, Jokers, and Rookies. These roles form a typology that enhances understanding of fan behavior and interactions in online sport communities. The study offers insights into how sport organizations can leverage these interactions and the emergent leadership to develop effective sport communication strategies, contributing to the literature on sport communication by integrating identity, social exchange, and role theory.