Obst, P., Zinkiewicz, L., & Smith, S. G. (2002). Sense of community in science fiction fandom, Part 1: Understanding sense of community in an international community of interest. Journal of Community Psychology, 30(1), 87-103.

Obst, Zinkiewicz, and Smith (2002) conducted a study of the sense of community in science fiction fandom. They found that fans of science fiction had a strong sense of community and that this sense of community was related to their participation in fandom. The authors suggested that the sense of community in fandom was based on shared interests, shared experiences, and a shared sense of identity.