Riger, S. & Lavrakas, P. (1981). Community ties patterns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 55-66.

Riger and Lavrakas (1981) studied patterns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods. They found that people who were attached to their neighborhoods had a stronger sense of community than those who were not attached. The authors suggested that attachment was based on a sense of belonging, a sense of responsibility, and a sense of history.