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"Community Building on the Web: Secret Strategies for Successful Online Communities" is a book by Amy Jo Kim that provides practical advice on how to create and manage successful online communities. The book covers a range of topics, including community design, user engagement, and the use of gamification and other incentives to encourage participation.

"Community" Metaphors Online: A Critical and Rhetorical Study Concerning Online Groups" is a research paper by Nicole R. Brown that examines the use of community metaphors in online discourse. The paper argues that these metaphors are often used to construct a sense of shared identity and purpose among members of online communities.

"Number of smartphone social network users in the United States from 2014 to 2020 (in millions)" is a forecast by Statista that provides data on the number of smartphone users accessing social media in the US over a six-year period. The report shows a significant increase in the number of users during this time, with a peak of over 186 million in 2020 forecast.

"Topic: Social media" is a report by Statista that provides an overview of the global social media landscape, including usage trends, user demographics, and platform rankings. The report covers a wide range of platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok, and provides insights into the ways in which social media is used around the world.

Reportby Statista that provides information on the most popular social media platforms used globally in 2023. The report includes data on the number of active users, engagement rates, and demographics for each platform, with Facebook, YouTube, and WhatsApp ranking as the top three.

"Facebook: 10 years of social networking, in numbers" is an article by Ami Sedghi that provides data on the growth and usage of Facebook over its first decade of operation. The article covers a wide range of statistics, including the number of users, posts, likes, and shares, and highlights some of the key milestones in the platform's history.

"Usage of content management systems for websites" is a report by W3Techs that provides data on the popularity of different content management systems (CMS) used to create and manage websites. The report covers a wide range of CMS, including WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal, and provides information on their market share, usage trends, and geographic distribution.

This article provides an overview of online communities and their social and cultural significance. The author discusses the various types of online communities, such as interest-based communities and social networking sites, as well as the role of online communities in shaping identities and social interactions. The article also explores the benefits and challenges of online communities, such as the potential for social support and the risks of social isolation and exclusion

This research paper provides an overview of the current state of research on online communities of practice. The author discusses the definition and characteristics of online communities of practice, as well as the benefits and challenges of participating in these communities. The paper also reviews the empirical research on online communities of practice, focusing on topics such as knowledge sharing, learning, and social capital.

This article provides practical advice for managing online communities. The authors discuss four key strategies for building and sustaining successful online communities, including setting clear goals and expectations, encouraging participation and engagement, fostering a sense of community, and continuously evaluating and adapting to community needs.

This research paper examines the experiences of fan activists and their motivations for engaging in fan activism. Through interviews with members of several fan activist organizations, the authors identify the social and political issues that motivate fan activism, as well as the role of online communities in supporting and mobilizing these activists.

This article explores the power of fan communities in influencing the direction of television shows. Using the examples of Sherlock and Doctor Who, the author discusses how fan communities can shape the storylines, characters, and production of their favorite shows through social media and other online platforms. The article also highlights the potential risks of fan influence on the creative process, such as the pressure to please fans at the expense of artistic integrity.

This research paper presents empirical evidence and theoretical analysis of the emergence of online communities. The authors identify several factors that contribute to the emergence of online communities, such as shared interests and goals, social norms, and the availability of communication technologies. The paper also discusses the role of network effects in the growth and sustainability of online communities, as well as the challenges and opportunities that arise when managing online communities.

This research paper focuses on the concept of online communities, their definition, and their characteristics. The authors discuss the various types of online communities, the social structures within these communities, and the methods for building and sustaining these communities. The paper also explores the benefits of online communities for both individuals and organizations, such as increased knowledge sharing, problem-solving, and social support.

"Why Create an Online Community" by Jennifer Kyrnin is a beginner's guide to online communities. The article explains the benefits of creating an online community, such as increased engagement and loyalty. The author also provides some tips for creating a successful online community, such as defining the purpose, identifying the target audience, and setting clear guidelines.

Baym's article (2009) explores the new shape of online community, using the example of Swedish independent music fandom. The study examines how social media platforms have transformed the way fans interact with each other and with artists. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the community practices and norms in the fandom.

Preece and Maloney-Krichmar's (2005) article provides a comprehensive overview of online communities, including their design, theory, and practice. The authors discuss various aspects of online communities, such as community structure, communication, social norms, and trust. The article provides insights into the design and management of online communities.

Sawyer's (2011) research paper explores the impact of new social media on intercultural adaptation. The study examines how social media can facilitate intercultural communication and reduce cultural barriers. The paper suggests that social media can be an effective tool for intercultural communication, but it also presents some challenges, such as the potential for misunderstandings and misinterpretations.

"Buzzing Communities" by FeverBee is a practical guide for building and managing online communities. The book covers topics such as community strategy, member engagement, moderation, and community growth. The author provides real-world examples and actionable advice for community managers.

The article "Maslow's Hierarchy: Why People Engage in Online Communities" explains how Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be applied to understand the motivations behind online community participation. The article suggests that people engage in online communities to fulfill different needs, including physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Understanding these needs can help community managers design effective strategies to engage members.

Porter's (2004) paper presents a typology of virtual communities based on their function and organization. The typology includes six types of virtual communities: interest-based, task-based, information-based, geographic, demographic, and relationships-based. Each type is characterized by its purpose, membership, and social organization. The paper provides a useful framework for researchers to analyze and compare virtual communities.

Michael Porter's most famous concept is the Five Forces model, which outlines the competitive forces that shape an industry. The model identifies five factors that impact competition within an industry: the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of substitute products or services, and the intensity of competitive rivalry. By analyzing these forces, Porter's model helps forums or online communities to understand their competitive position within the industry. Porter's work is important to strategy for online communities because it provides a framework for understanding how to create and sustain a competitive advantage. By analyzing the five forces that impact competition, a community can identify areas where it can differentiate itself from competitors, as well as potential threats to its success. This analysis can inform decisions about product development, pricing, and marketing strategies. In addition to the Five Forces model, Porter's work on the value chain is also relevant to online communities. The value chain describes the activities involved in delivering a product or service, and how these activities can create value for the customer. For online communities, understanding the value chain can help to identify areas where they can differentiate themselves from competitors and create a unique value proposition. Finally, Porter's concept of competitive advantage is also relevant to online communities. Competitive advantage refers to the unique set of resources and capabilities that a community possesses that allows it to outperform its competitors. By identifying their sources of competitive advantage, online communities can develop strategies to leverage these strengths and build a sustainable competitive position. In conclusion, Michael Porter's work has had a significant impact on the field of strategy, including for online communities. His Five Forces model, value chain analysis, and concept of competitive advantage provide a framework for understanding how to create and sustain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. By using Porter's concepts, online communities can develop strategies that enable them to stand out from the competition and build a sustainable position in their industry.

The Ansoff Matrix is a strategic management tool developed by Igor Ansoff in the 1950s. It helps communities identify opportunities for growth by evaluating four different strategies: market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification. In the context of developing a new online community, the Ansoff Matrix can be used to evaluate which of these strategies is most appropriate for achieving the community's goals. Market penetration involves increasing the usage and engagement of existing members. For a new online community, this could involve developing strategies to keep members coming back and using the platform regularly. This might include offering rewards or incentives for participation, or developing new features that make the platform more engaging. Market development involves expanding the community to new user groups. This might involve targeting a different demographic, geographic location, or interest group. For example, a community focused on fitness could expand to target college athletes or people with disabilities. Product development involves introducing new features or services to the community. This could include new tools for communication or collaboration, or additional resources or content. For example, a community focused on music could introduce a feature that allows members to create and share playlists. Diversification involves expanding into new areas or industries. For an online community, this might involve expanding to cover a new topic or interest area. For example, a community focused on cooking could expand to cover other areas of home and lifestyle.